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FreeBSD Quarterly Status Report - Second Quarter 2019

FreeBSD Project Quarterly Status Report - 2nd Quarter 2019

   This quarter our report includes some interesting topics easily
   accessible to anyone, even if you are not a programmer: we report the
   link to a presentation of the 2019 FreeBSD survey results at BSDCan
   2019 and describe an interesting experience of a 3-person hackaton,
   which might encourage you to host one yourself, possibly with more
   participants. We also provide some up to date information about the
   status of our IRC channels.

   For those who have some more technical skills, we give some news about
   the role of git in the FreeBSD project, describe the status of some
   tools to hunt bugs or enhance security and announce a clone of sysctl.

   Finally, those who are more experienced with programming will probably
   be interested in the great work that has been done with drivers: in
   particular, an aknowledgement is due to Alan Somers for having started
   to bring up to date our FUSE implementation, which was about 11 years
   behind. Other important improvements include a more user-friendly
   experience with trackpoints and touchpads enabled by default, much low
   level work on graphics, many new bhyve features, updates to the linux
   compatibility layer, various kernel improvements.

   Have a nice read!
   -- Lorenzo Salvadore
     __________________________________________________________________

FreeBSD Team Reports

     * Continuous Integration
     * FreeBSD Core Team
     * FreeBSD Graphics Team status report
     * IRC Admin
     * Ports Collection
     * Release Engineering Team

Projects

     * bhyve - Live Migration
     * bhyve - Save/Restore
     * BIO_DELETE support for the swap pager
     * ENA FreeBSD Driver Update
     * FreeBSD SDIO and Broadcom FullMAC WiFi Support
     * FUSE
     * Fuzzing FreeBSD with syzkaller
     * Kernel ZLIB Update
     * Linux compatibility layer update
     * Lock-less delayed invalidation for amd64 pmap
     * Locking changes for vnodes during execve(2)
     * Mellanox Drivers Update
     * NFSv4.2 client/server implementation for FreeBSD
     * NUMA awareness in the FreeBSD kernel

Architectures

     * Broadcom ARM64 SoC support
     * NXP ARM64 SoC support

Third-Party Projects

     * Aberdeen Hackathon
     * Bring more Security Intelligence to FreeBSD
     * libvdsk - QCOW2 implementation
     * nsysctl 1.0
     __________________________________________________________________

FreeBSD Team Reports

   Entries from the various official and semi-official teams, as found in
   the Administration Page.

Continuous Integration

   Links
   FreeBSD Jenkins Instance
    URL: https://ci.FreeBSD.org
   FreeBSD CI artifact archive
    URL: https://artifact.ci.FreeBSD.org/
   FreeBSD Jenkins wiki
    URL: https://wiki.freebsd.org/Jenkins
   freebsd-testing Mailing List
    URL: https://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-testing
   freebsd-ci Repository
    URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ci
   Tickets related to freebsd-testing@
    URL: https://preview.tinyurl.com/y9maauwg
   Hosted CI wiki
    URL: https://wiki.freebsd.org/HostedCI
   FreeBSD CI weekly report
    URL: https://hackfoldr.org/freebsd-ci-report/

   Contact: Jenkins Admin <jenkins-admin@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Li-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@FreeBSD.org>

   The FreeBSD CI team maintains continuous integration system and related
   tasks for the FreeBSD project. The CI system regularly checks the
   committed changes can be successfully built, then performs various
   tests and analysis of the results. The results from build jobs are
   archived in an artifact server, for the further testing and debugging
   needs. The CI team members examine the failing builds and unstable
   tests, and work with the experts in that area to fix the code or adjust
   test infrastructure. The details are of these efforts are available in
   the weekly CI reports.

   The FCP for CI policy is in "feedback" state, please provide any
   comments to freebsd-testing@ or other suitable lists.

   We had a testing working group in 201905 DevSummit

   Please see freebsd-testing@ related tickets for more information.

   Work in progress:
     * Fixing the failing test cases and builds
     * Adding drm ports building test against -CURRENT
     * Adding powerpc64 tests job:
       https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ci/pull/33
     * Implementing automatic tests on bare metal hardware
     * Extending and publishing the embedded testbed
     * Planning for running ztest and network stack tests
     * Help more 3rd software get CI on FreeBSD through a hosted CI
       solution
     __________________________________________________________________

FreeBSD Core Team

   Contact: FreeBSD Core Team <core@FreeBSD.org>

   The FreeBSD Core Team is the governing body of FreeBSD.
     * Core approved source commit bits for Doug Moore (dougm), Chuck
       Silvers (chs), Brandon Bergren (bdragon), and a vendor commit bit
       for Scott Phillips (scottph).

     * The annual developer survey closed on 2019-04-02. Of the 397
       developers, 243 took the survey with an average completion time of
       12 minutes. The public survey closed on 2019-05-13. It was taken by
       3637 users and had a 79% completion rate. A presentation of the
       survey results took place at BSDCan 2019.

     * The core team voted to appoint a working group to explore
       transitioning our source code 'source of truth' from Subversion to
       Git. Core asked Ed Maste to chair the group as Ed has been
       researching this topic for some time. For example, Ed gave a
       MeetBSD 2018 talk on the topic.

   There is a variety of viewpoints within core regarding where and how to
   host a Git repository, however core feels that Git is the prudent path
   forward.
     * The project received many Season of Docs submissions and picked a
       top candidate. Google will announce the accepted technical writer
       projects on 2019-08-06. We are hoping for lots of new and refreshed
       man pages.
     __________________________________________________________________

FreeBSD Graphics Team status report

   Links
   Project GitHub page
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSDDesktop

   Contact: FreeBSD Graphics Team <x11@freebsd.org>
   Contact: Niclas Zeising <zeising@freebsd.org>

   The FreeBSD X11/Graphics team maintains the lower levels of the FreeBSD
   graphics stack. This includes graphics drivers, graphics libraries such
   as the MESA OpenGL implementation, the X.org xserver with related
   libraries and applications, and Wayland with related libraries and
   applications.

   In the last report, half a year ago, several updates and changes had
   been made to the FreeBSD graphics stack.

   To further improve the user experience, and to improve input device
   handling, evdev was enabled in the default configuration in late 2018.
   Building on that, we have enabled IBM/Lenovo trackpoints and elantech
   and synaptics touchpads by default as well.

   The input device library libinput has been updated as the last in a
   series of updates bringing the userland input stack up to date. This is
   work that was started in 2018.

   We have made several improvements to the drm kernel drivers. A
   long-standing memory leak in the Intel (i915) driver has been fixed,
   and several other updates and improvements have been made to the
   various drm kernel driver components.

   A port of the drm kernel drivers using the 5.0 Linux kernel sources has
   been created and committed to FreeBSD ports as graphics/drm-devel-kmod.
   This driver requires a recent Linux KPI and is only available on recent
   versions of FreeBSD CURRENT.

   This version of the driver contains several development improvements.
   The generic drm (drm.ko) driver as well as the i915 (i915kms.ko) driver
   can now be unloaded and reloaded to ease in development and testing.
   This causes issues with the virtual consoles, however, so an SSH
   connection is recommended. To aid debugging i915kms.ko use of debugfs
   has been improved, but there are still limitations preventing it from
   being fully functional. Since debugfs is based on pseudofs it is
   possible that this will prevent a fully functional debugfs in its
   current state, so we might have to look into adding the required
   functionality to pseudofs or use another framework.

   The new in-kernel drm driver for VirtualBox, vboxvideo.ko has been
   ported from Linux. Support is currently an experimental work in
   progress. For example the virtual console won't update after loading
   the driver, but X- and Wayland-based compositors are working.

   Mesa has been updated to 18.3.2 and switched from using devel/llvm60 to
   use the Ports default version of llvm, currently devel/llvm80.

   Several userland Xorg drivers, applications, and libraries have been
   updated, and other improvements to the various userland components that
   make up the Graphics Stack have been made.

   We have also continued our regularly scheduled bi-weekly meetings,
   although work remains in sending out timely meeting minutes afterwards.

   People who are interested in helping out can find us on the
   x11@FreeBSD.org mailing list, or on our gitter chat:
   https://gitter.im/FreeBSDDesktop/Lobby. We are also available in
   #freebsd-xorg on EFNet.

   We also have a team area on GitHub where our work repositories can be
   found: https://github.com/FreeBSDDesktop
     __________________________________________________________________

IRC Admin

   Contact: IRC Admin <irc@FreeBSD.org>

   The FreeBSD IRC Admin team manages the FreeBSD Project's presence and
   activity on the freenode IRC network, looking after:
     * Registration and management of channels within the official
       namespace (#freebsd*)
     * Channel moderation
     * Liaising with freenode staff
     * Allocating freebsd/* hostmask cloaks for users
     * General user support relating to channel management

   While the FreeBSD Project does not currently endorse IRC as an official
   support channel (see here and here), as it has not been able to
   guarantee a consistent or positive user experience, IRC Admin has been
   working toward creating a high quality experience, by standardising
   channel administration and moderation expectations, and ensuring the
   projects ability to manage all channels within its namespace.

   In the last quarter, IRC Admin:
     * Cleaned up (deregistered) registrations for channels that were
       defunct, stale, out of date, or had founders that were inactive
       (not seen for > 1 year). Channels that were found to be otherwise
       active have been retained. FreeBSD now has ~40 channels registered
       from a previous total of over 150.
     * Documented baseline configuration settings in the Wiki for
       channels, including ChanServ settings, channel modes, registration
       policy, etc.
     * Established multiple documented methods for reporting user abuse or
       other channel issues to IRC Admin for resolution

   Upcoming changes:
     * Work with existing #freebsd* channels to standardise channel
       management, settings and access.
     * Migrate, forward and/or consolidate existing or duplicate #freebsd*
       channels to channels with a standard naming convention.
     * Work with unofficial ##freebsd* channels to migrate them to the
       official #freebsd* channels if suitable
     * Update existing IRC-related website and documentation sources the
       describe the official state of project managed IRC presence on
       freenode.

   Lastly, and to repeat a previous call, while the vast majority of the
   broader user community interacts on the freenode IRC network, the
   FreeBSD developer presence still needs to be significantly improved on
   freenode.

   There are many opportunities to be had by increasing the amount and
   quality of interaction between FreeBSD users and developers, both in
   terms of developers keeping their finger on the pulse of the community
   and in encouraging and cultivating greater contributions to the Project
   over the long term.

   It is critical to have a strong developer presence amongst users, and
   IRC Admin would like again to call on all developers to join the
   FreeBSD freenode channels to increase that presence.

   Users are invited to /join #freebsd-irc on the freenode IRC network if
   they have questions, ideas, constructive criticism, and feedback on how
   the FreeBSD Project can improve the service and experience it provides
   to the community on IRC.
     __________________________________________________________________

Ports Collection

   Links
   About FreeBSD Ports
    URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/
   Contributing to Ports
    URL: https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/ports-contributing.html
   FreeBSD Ports Monitoring
    URL: http://portsmon.freebsd.org/index.html
   Ports Management Team:
    URL: https://www.freebsd.org/portmgr/index.html

   Contact: René Ladan <portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: FreeBSD Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>

   The following was done during the last quarter by portmgr to keep
   things in the Ports Tree going:

   During the last quarter the number of ports rose to just under 37,000.
   At the end of the quarter, there were 2146 open PRs and 7837 commits
   (excluding 499 on the quarterly branch) from 172 committers. This shows
   a slight decrease in activity compared to previous quarter.

   People come and go, last quarter we welcomed Pedro Giffuni (pfg@),
   Piotr Kubaj (pkubaj@) and Hans Petter Selasky (hselasky@). Pedro and
   Hans Petter were already active as src committers. We said goodbye to
   gordon@, kan@, tobez@, and wosch@.

   On the infrastructure side, a new USESÊbal was introduced and various
   default versions were updated: MySQL to 5.7, Python to 3.6, Ruby to
   2.5, Samba to 4.8 and Julia gained a default version of 1.0. The web
   browsers were also updated: Firefox to 68.0 and Chromium to
   75.0.3770.100

   During the last quarter, antoine@ ran a total of 41 exp-runs to test
   various package updates, bump the stack protector level to "strong",
   switch the default Python version to 3.6 as opposed to 2.7, remove
   sys/dir.h from base which has been deprecated for over 20 years, and
   convert all Go ports to USES=go.
     __________________________________________________________________

Release Engineering Team

   Links
   FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE schedule
    URL: https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/schedule.html
   FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE announcement
    URL: https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/announce.html
   FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE schedule
    URL: https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/schedule.html
   FreeBSD development snapshots
    URL: https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/

   Contact: FreeBSD Release Engineering Team <re@FreeBSD.org>

   The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is responsible for setting and
   publishing release schedules for official project releases of FreeBSD,
   announcing code freezes and maintaining the respective branches, among
   other things.

   During the second quarter of 2019, the FreeBSD Release Engineering team
   started the 11.3-RELEASE cycle, with the code slush starting May 3rd.
   Throughout the cycle, there were three BETA builds and three RC builds,
   all of which in line with the originally-published schedule. The final
   RC build started June 28th, with the final release build targeted for
   July 5th.

   FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE will be the fourth release from the stable/11
   branch, building on the stability and reliability of 11.2-RELEASE.

   The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team also published the schedule for
   the 12.1-RELEASE, targeted to start September 6th. One important thing
   to note regarding the published schedule is it excludes a hard freeze
   on the stable/12 branch, as a test run for eliminating code freezes
   entirely during a release cycle. Commits to what will be the
   releng/12.1 branch will still require explicit approval from the
   Release Engineering Team, however.

   Additionally throughout the quarter, several development snapshots
   builds were released for the head, stable/12, and stable/11 branches.

   Much of this work was sponsored by the FreeBSD Foundation and Rubicon
   Communications, LLC (Netgate).
     __________________________________________________________________

Projects

   Projects that span multiple categories, from the kernel and userspace
   to the Ports Collection or external projects.

bhyve - Live Migration

   Links
   Github wiki - How to Live and Warm Migrate a bhyve guest
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/wiki/Virtual-Machine-Migration-using-bhyve
   Github - Warm Migration branch
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/tree/projects/bhyve_migration
   Github - Live Migration branch
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/tree/projects/bhyve_migration_dev

   Contact: Elena Mihailescu <elenamihailescu22@gmail.com>
   Contact: Darius Mihai <dariusmihaim@gmail.com>
   Contact: Mihai Carabas <mihai@freebsd.org>

   The Migration feature uses the Save/Restore feature to migrate a bhyve
   guest from a FreeBSD host to another FreeBSD host. To migrate a bhyve
   guest, one needs to start an empty guest on the destination host from a
   shared guest image using the bhyve tool with the -R option followed by
   the source host IP and the port to listen to migration request. On the
   source host, the migration is started by executing the bhyvectl command
   with the --migrate or --migrate-live option, followed by the
   destination host IP and the port to send to the messages.

   New features added:
     * Clear the dirty bit after each migration round
     * Extend live migration to highmem segment

   Future tasks:
     * Refactor live migration branch
     * Rebase live migration
     * Extend live migration to unwired memory

   This project was sponsored by Matthew Grooms.
     __________________________________________________________________

bhyve - Save/Restore

   Links
   Github repository for the snapshot feature for bhyve
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/tree/projects/bhyve_snapshot
   Github wiki - How to Save and Restore a bhyve guest
    URL:
   https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/wiki/Save-and-Restore-a-virtual-machine-using-bhyve
   Github wiki - Suspend/resume test matrix
    URL: https://github.com/FreeBSD-UPB/freebsd/wiki/Suspend-Resume-test-matrix
   Phabricator review - bhyve Snapshot Save and Restore
    URL: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19495

   Contact: Elena Mihailescu <elenamihailescu22@gmail.com>
   Contact: Darius Mihai <dariusmihaim@gmail.com>
   Contact: Mihai Carabas <mihai@freebsd.org>

   The Save/Restore for bhyve feature is a suspend and resume facility
   added to the FreeBSD/amd64's hypervisor, bhyve. The bhyvectl tool is
   used to save the guest state in three files (a file for the guest
   memory, a file for the states of various devices and the state of the
   CPU, and another one for some metadata that is used in the restore
   process). To suspend a bhyve guest, the bhyvectl tool must be run with
   the --suspend <state_file_name> option followed by the guest name.

   To restore a bhyve guest from a checkpoint, one simply has to add the
   -r option followed by the main state file (the same file that was given
   to the --suspend option for bhyvectl) when starting the VM.

   New features added:
     * Open ticket on Phabricator
     * Apply feedback received from community

   Future tasks:
     * Add suspend/resume support for nvme
     * Add suspend/resume support for virtio-console
     * Add suspend/resume support for virtio-scsi
     * Add TSC offsetting for restore for AMD CPUs

   This project was sponsored by Matthew Grooms.
     __________________________________________________________________

BIO_DELETE support for the swap pager

   Contact: Doug Moore <dougm@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Alan Cox <alc@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Mark Johnston <markj@FreeBSD.org>

   An ongoing project aims to teach the swap pager to send SCSI UNMAP or
   ATA TRIM commands to the swap device when a block of swap space has
   been freed, for example when the application owning that block is
   exiting.

   SSDs have become commonplace and feature low latency for random I/O
   requests. This makes them appealing for use as swap devices, since
   lower latencies mean that applications spend less time blocked while
   waiting for a page-in from the swap device. To maximize write
   performance, some SSDs require the operating system to send a
   notification to the disk when a sector is no longer in use; this helps
   the disk optimize their usage of NAND flash cells. In FreeBSD such a
   notification is called a BIO_DELETE.

   FreeBSD's UFS and ZFS filesystems have for a long time been able to
   transmit BIO_DELETE requests to the devices backing the filesystem. For
   example, for UFS this support is enabled by specifying -t in newfs(8)
   or tunefs(8)'s parameters. However, FreeBSD has historically not had a
   corresponding implementation for swap devices.

   Thanks to Doug Moore, as of r349286 in -CURRENT and r349930 in
   stable/12 swapon(8) can send BIO_DELETE to all blocks on the specified
   device immediately prior to configuring it as a swap device. This is
   enabled by specifying -E in the swapon(8) parameters, or by adding the
   "trimonce" option to the swap device's /etc/fstab entry. Some
   in-progress work on the swap pager implements online block deletion, in
   which BIO_DELETE is transmitted for blocks as they are freed by
   applications; this will hopefully be implemented in FreeBSD 13.0.
     __________________________________________________________________

ENA FreeBSD Driver Update

   Links
   ENA README
    URL: https://github.com/amzn/amzn-drivers/blob/master/kernel/fbsd/ena/README

   Contact: Michal Krawczyk <mk@semihalf.com>
   Contact: Maciej Bielski <mba@semihalf.com>
   Contact: Marcin Wojtas <mw@semihalf.com>

   ENA (Elastic Network Adapter) is the smart NIC available in the
   virtualized environment of Amazon Web Services (AWS). The ENA driver
   supports multiple transmit and receive queues and can handle up to 100
   Gb/s of network traffic, depending on the instance type on which it is
   used.

   ENAv2 has been under development for FreeBSD, similar to Linux and
   DPDK. Since the last update internal review and improvements of the
   patches were done, followed by validation on various AWS instances.

   Completed since the last update:
     * Upstream of the ENAv2 patches - revisions r348383 - r348416
       introduce a major driver upgrade to version v2.0.0. Along with
       various fixes and improvements, the most significant features are
       LLQ (Low Latency Queues) and independent queues reconfiguration
       using sysctl commands.
     * Implement NETMAP support for ENA

   Todo:
     * Internal review and upstream of NETMAP support

   This project was sponsored by Amazon.com Inc.
     __________________________________________________________________

FreeBSD SDIO and Broadcom FullMAC WiFi Support

   Links
   FreeBSD Wiki SDIO page
    URL: https://wiki.freebsd.org/SDIO

   Contact: Bjoern Zeeb <bz@FreeBSD.ORG>

   SDIO is an interface designed as an extension to SD Cards to allow
   attachments of various other peripherals, e.g., WiFi or Bluetooth.

   Work has been ongoing by Ilya Bakulin on the MMCCAM stack to provide
   the infrastructure to be able to have SD cards and SDIO devices
   attached side-by-side facilitating FreeBSD's CAM framework. Based on
   this excellent work over the last years, SDIO support was finished
   earlier this year and committed to FreeBSD HEAD with the intention to
   merge to 12 at a later time.

   Facilitating the newly available SDIO bus, work started to port
   Broadcom's FullMAC WiFi driver. This work is still in progress and
   expected to complete later this year. With this WiFi support for the
   Raspberry Pi and other embedded boards will become available. Likewise
   drivers for other SDIO devices can be developed now.

   This project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

FUSE

   Contact: Alan Somers <asomers@FreeBSD.org>

   FUSE (File system in USErspace) allows a userspace program to implement
   a file system. It is widely used to support out-of-tree file systems
   like NTFS, as well as for exotic pseudo file systems like sshfs.
   FreeBSD's fuse driver was added as a GSoC project in 2012. Since that
   time, it has been largely neglected. The FUSE software is buggy and
   out-of-date. Our implementation is about 11 years behind.

   During Q2 I nearly finished the FUSE overhaul that I begain in Q1. I
   raised the protocol level from 7.8 to 7.23, fixed many bugs (see
   199934, 216391, 233783, 234581, 235773, 235774, 235775, 236226, 236231,
   236236, 239291, 236329, 236379, 236381, 236405, 236327, 236466, 236472,
   236473, 236474, 236530, 236557, 236560, 236647, 236844, 237052, 237181,
   237588, and 238565), and added the following features:
     * Optional kernel-side permissions checks (`-o default_permissions`)
     * Implement VOP_MKNOD, VOP_BMAP, and VOP_ADVLOCK
     * Allow interrupting FUSE operations
     * Support named pipes and unix-domain sockets in fusefs file systems
     * Forward UTIME_NOW during utimensat(2) to the daemon
     * kqueue support for /dev/fuse
     * Allow updating mounts with mount -u
     * Allow exporting fusefs file systems over NFS
     * Server-initiated invalidation of the name cache or data cache
     * Respect RLIMIT_FSIZE
     * Try to support servers as old as protocol 7.4

   I also added the following performance enhancements:
     * Implement FUSE's FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE and FUSE_ASYNC_READ flags
     * Cache file attributes
     * Cache lookup entries, both positive and negative
     * Server-selectable cache modes: writethrough, writeback, or uncached
     * Write clustering
     * Readahead
     * Use counter(9) for statistical reporting

   All that remains is to finish merging the branch, and deal with any
   newly introduced bugs.

   This project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

Fuzzing FreeBSD with syzkaller

   Links
   syzkaller
    URL: https://github.com/google/syzkaller

   Contact: Mark Johnston <markj@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Andrew Turner <andrew@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Michael Tuexen <tuexen@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Ed Maste <emaste@FreeBSD.org>

   See the syzkaller entry in the 2019q1 quarterly report for an
   introduction to syzkaller.

   syzkaller continues to find FreeBSD kernel bugs. A number of such bugs
   have been fixed in the past quarter, and we continue to investigate and
   fix bug reports from syzkaller. Work to extend syzkaller's capabilites
   has progressed: Andrew Turner has implemented support for fuzzing the
   32-bit compatibility layer in amd64 kernels, helping illuminate some of
   the darker corners of the kernel, and it is now possible to use bhyve
   as a VM backend to syzkaller, so it is now efficient and convenient to
   fuzz FreeBSD on FreeBSD.

   Some planned work includes: enabling the use of ZFS as the base
   filesystem for fuzzer VMs; extending the range of system calls and
   ioctls covered by syzkaller; enabling LLVM sanitizers in the kernel so
   as to catch more issues; and making use of netdump(4) to capture kernel
   dumps for panics found by syzkaller, making it much easier to diagnose
   bugs for which syzkaller was unable to find a reproducible test case.

   This project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

Kernel ZLIB Update

   Links
   Review D19706
    URL: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19706

   Contact: Yoshihiro Ota <ota@j.email.ne.jp>

   Kernel zlib upgrade is in progress.

   Xin (delphij@) and I have been working closely for zlib upgrade. We
   relocated contrib/zlib to sys/contrib/zlib in order for kernel code to
   access zlib in the tree. We also deleted dead code that depended on
   zlib and inflate - inflate is a fork of unzip to uncompress gzip files.
   We also renamed crc.h to avoid conflicts with zlib/crc.h.

   Next goal is to compile both old zlib and new zlib into the kernel
   allowing to switch each zlib user independently.
     __________________________________________________________________

Linux compatibility layer update

   Contact: Edward Tomasz Napierala <trasz@FreeBSD.org>

   The project aims to improve the Linux compatibility layer, to make it
   more compatible with recent Linux releases, and also to lower the bar
   for potential developers who want to start contributing to it.

   The initial effort focused on tooling, to make it easier to debug
   problems and to prevent future regressions. The first part involved
   making it possible to use Linux strace(1) utility and providing it as
   linux-c7-strace package. The reason is that while FreeBSD truss(1) and
   ktrace(1) can trace Linux binaries, they cannot decode Linux-specific
   flags and structures.

   The second part involved providing Linux Test Project binaries as
   linux-ltp package. There is ongoing work to hook it up to the FreeBSD
   CI infrastructure http://ci.FreeBSD.org.

   There was also a number of improvements and fixes to bugs discovered in
   the process. One of them (not yet committed) fixes binaries linked
   against newer version of libc, effectively unbreaking binaries from
   recent Ubuntu releases.

   This project was sponsored by FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

Lock-less delayed invalidation for amd64 pmap

   Contact: Konstantin Belousov <kib@freebsd.org>

   The Virtual Memory machine-dependent layer (pmap) on amd64 needs to
   track all mappings for the managed physical memory pages, to be able to
   either destroy all of them (for page-out), or change them from
   writeable to read-only (e.g. to sync the page content to file, without
   racing with modifications through user writes). The mappings are
   accounted by creating pv_entry which records the address space
   (implicitly, by linking the pv entry to pmap) and the virtual address
   of the mapping.

   Previous work split the lock protecting the pv entries lists from other
   VM locks into the pvh_global_lock lock, which was global for all
   address spaces. You can see it in i386 pmap.c still. Later, hashed
   per-page pv lists locks were introduced, which would reduce contention
   on pv lists maninulations for different pages, but unfortunately the
   pvh_global_lock was still needed to guarantee the safety of some
   operations.

   Problem arises because amd64 pmap uses pmap lock to protect page tables
   and TLB consistency, which is per-pmap locks different from pv lists
   locks. When updating page table entry, we never drop pmap lock until
   the necessary TLB invalidation is done globally, including signalling
   other CPUs with IPI. But pv list locks can be unlocked before the
   necessary invalidation is done. So for instance when pmap is asked to
   remove all mappings of the specific page (pmap_remove_all(9)), it
   checks pv list of the page to find the mappings. The list might appear
   empty despite other CPUs TLB were not yet invalidated. If such page is
   reused, other CPUs might change its content using cached TLB entries.
   Allowing that means allowing both silent data corruption and opening
   security hole.

   So the global pvh lock was held until all pmaps invalidated their TLBs.
   This mechanism has obvious scalability issues, and instead a
   generation-count based scheme for handling delayed invalidation (DI)
   was developed, where each thread that might remove entry from pv list
   acquired a generation number and marked the page with it, see
   pmap_delayed_invl_page(9). Then, on e.g. pmap_remove_all(9) or
   pmap_remove_write(9), pmap code waits for the maximum current thread's
   invalidation generation number to pass the page's generation, which
   guarantees that all required TLB invalidations are done.

   Original implementation of DI allowed to get rid of pvh_global_lock,
   and only used a private mutex to handle sequential queueing of the
   coming and leaving threads, protecting a bounded region. A problem with
   that appeared e.g. in scalability benchmarks which did massive parallel
   unmaps, causing most of the threads to contend on DI queueing.

   Current implementation of DI switched to lock-less queue algorithm
   using the approach proposed by T.L. Harris and relying on double-CAS to
   coalesce generation count and queueing. It uses ifuncs to select either
   previous locked DI or current lock-less implementation, only old AMD
   Athlons which did not implemented the CMPXCHG16B instruction falls to
   the locked implementation by default. Lock-less implementation still
   blocks the waiting thread on turnstile to avoid priority-inversion
   issues, but practically the wait occur very rare, typical parallel
   buildworld generates single-digit number of the events.

   The patch got a lot of testing from Peter Holm, continuous reviews by
   Mark Johnston while I worked out bugs and live-lock problems in the
   implementation, and additional testing by Mateusz Guzik who helped to
   identify a priority inversion bug with the wait.

   This project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

Locking changes for vnodes during execve(2)

   Contact: Konstantin Belousov <kib@freebsd.org>

   The execve(2) family of syscalls replaces the executing image in the
   current process. The file containing the program text, data, and
   arbitrary other pre-initialized segments for the newly activated image
   is usually called the text file. FreeBSD marks the text file as such,
   the mark is mutually exclusive with any opening of the file for write.
   In other words, file opened for write cannot be executed, and text file
   cannot be opened for write.

   During the execve(2) syscall processing, kernel needs to lock the text
   file' vnode. This is done both to satisfy the VFS calls protocol, and
   to ensure that there is no incompatible parallel changes occuring to
   the text vnode. A vnode can be locked either in exclusive mode, which
   is mutually incompatible with any other lock acquisition, or in shared
   mode, which is only incompatible with exclusive requests, but allows
   other shared owners.

   In principle, there is no reason why would execve(2) need an exclusive
   vnode lock, since it does not modify neither content nor metadata for
   the text vnode. The only exception is the marking of the vnode as text,
   which was done using VV_TEXT flag in v_vflag and protected by the vnode
   lock. Since we modify v_vflag, the vnode lock protecting the
   modification should be taken exclusive.

   The end result is that execve(2)'s of the same file are serialized. For
   instance, if user runs parallel build, which executes more than one job
   for compiling, all invocation of the compiler are serialized during
   execve(2).

   The count of opens for write is contained in other struct vnode member
   named v_writecount, which was protected by the vnode lock as well.
   Since text is mutually exclusive with an open for write, I reused
   v_writecount to indicate text references. Now, negative v_writecount
   counts the number of text references. The v_writecount content is
   literally protected by the vnode interlock, but normally all mutators
   also own vnode lock at least in the shared mode.

   This way, we no longer need to acquire exclusive text vnode lock during
   execve(2), removing the serializing point. Additional positive effect
   is that we started to account the precise number of text references on
   the vnode. Before, we cleared VV_TEXT on the last unmap of the text
   vnode, potentially allowing obscure DoS where mapping the text file
   while it is executed prevented writes until the mapping is destroyed.
   Now we mark the mappings for text explicitly in the vm_map_entry and
   dereference v_writecount by +1 when such entry is unmapped.

   This project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

Mellanox Drivers Update

   Links
   Mellanox OFED for FreeBSD Documentation
    URL: http://www.mellanox.com/page/products_dyn?product_family3&mtag=freebsd_driver

   Contact: Slava Shwartsman Hans Petter Selasky Konstantin Belousov
   <freebsd-drivers@mellanox.com>

   The mlx5 driver provides support for ConnectX-4 [Lx], ConnectX-5 [Ex]
   and ConnectX-6 [Dx] adapter cards. The mlx5en driver provides support
   for Ethernet adapter cards, whereas mlx5ib driver provides support for
   InfiniBand adapters and RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE).

   Following updates done in mlx5 drivers:
     * 200Gb/s ConnectX-6 Ethernet: Added support for Mellanox Socket
       Direct Adapters which allows, among the rest of the capabilities,
       to run up to 200Gb/s on a PCIe Gen 3.0 on a LAG interface.
     * Support for "BlueField" - Multicore System On A Chip: Added support
       for RShim driver for BlueField Multicore System On A Chip(SOC). The
       RShim driver provides access to the RShim resources on the
       BlueField target accessible from an external host machine. The
       current RShim version provides device files for boot image push and
       virtual console access. It also creates virtual network interface
       to connect to the BlueField target and provides access to internal
       RShim registers.
     * Firmware Burning and Diagnostics Tools: Added MSTFLINT to ports,
       this package contains a burning and diagnostic tools for Mellanox
       NICs. This package contains following tools: mstflint - Tools which
       allows to query and burn firmware. mstconfig - This tool queries
       and sets non-volatile configurable options for Mellanox HCAs.
       mstregdump - This utility dumps hardware registers from Mellanox
       hardware. mstmcra - This debug utility reads/writes a to/from the
       device configuration register space. mstvpd - This utility dumps
       the on-card VPD. and more.
     * OFED-FreeBSD-v3.5.1 Upstream: Pushed upstream and MFCed
       OFED-FreeBSD-v3.5.1 driver - more details on the content of this
       update can be found in Mellanox OFED for FreeBSD documentation
       page.

   General updates:
     * Submitted papers for EuroBSDcon for a joint talk with Netflix
       titled "Kernel TLS and TLS Hardware Offload". The papers were
       accepted.
     * Mellanox is intensively working to improve its cooperation with the
       FreeBSD community. As part of this effort, FreeBSD users are
       invited to propose features and enhancements to further develop and
       enrich the end-user experience. In addition, Mellanox continues to
       identify and present the right solutions to meet customers' needs.

   This project was sponsored by Mellanox Technologies.
     __________________________________________________________________

NFSv4.2 client/server implementation for FreeBSD

   Links
   current sources
    URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/projects/nfsv42

   Contact: Rick Macklem <rmacklem@freebsd.org>

   NFSv4.2 is a newer minor version of NFSv4, made up of a set of optional
   operations/features. A majority of these operations are related to the
   POSIX operations posix_fadvise(2), posix_fallocate(2) and lseek(2)'s
   support for SEEKHOLE/SEEKDATA. There is also a Copy operation that
   allows a byte range of a file to be copied to another file locally on
   the NFS server, avoiding data transfer over the wire in both
   directions. FreeBSD-current now has a Linux compatible
   copy_file_range(2) syscall that will invoke this Copy operation on
   NFSv4.2 mounts. There is also support for MAC labelling, but it
   requires changes to the RPCSEC_GSS implementation to add V3 support
   and, as such, may not happen soon.

   The implementation of NFSv4.2 (RFC-7862) is progressing nicely. At this
   time, the LayoutError, IOAdvise, Allocate and Copy operations have been
   implemented. There is still work to be done on Copy, to add
   asynchronous support, so that large copies do not result in a long
   delay for the RPC's reply.

   The major operation that will be implemented next is Seek, so that
   lseek(SEEKHOLE/SEEKDATA) will work for the NFSv4.2 mounts.

   It is hoped that this implementation will be ready for
   FreeBSD-current/head in time for the FreeBSD-13 release.

   Testing is always appreciated and can be done by downloading the
   modified kernel from the svn repository in base/rojects/nfsv42 and then
   building and testing it on a couple of recent FreeBSD-current systems.

   If anyone is conversant with Kerberos and wants to take on the
   challenge of adding RPCSEC_GSS_V3 support to the kernel RPC, a patch
   that does that would also be greatly appreciated.
     __________________________________________________________________

NUMA awareness in the FreeBSD kernel

   Contact: Jeff Roberson <jeff@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Andrew Gallatin <gallatin@FreeBSD.org>
   Contact: Mark Johnston <markj@FreeBSD.org>

   A set of patches to improve the state of NUMA awareness in the FreeBSD
   kernel are being developed and refined. This work also aims to
   generally improve the performance of FreeBSD's memory management
   subsystem on systems with many CPUs.

   FreeBSD 12.0 featured a number of large changes which improve its
   performance on systems with a non-uniform memory architecture. That is,
   systems in which memory access latency for a given address varies
   depending on the CPU. Another round of improvements is being developed
   and will soon be available in FreeBSD-CURRENT. Short descriptions of
   some of these patches follow; a few have already been committed to
   FreeBSD-CURRENT.

   In FreeBSD terminology, a memory page whose contents may not be evicted
   is referred to as "wired." Pages may be wired under different
   circumstances: for instance, all kernel memory is wired, and userland
   applications may request that ranges of memory be wired using the
   mlock(2) and mlockall(2) system calls. FreeBSD has historically defined
   a system-wide limit on the number of wired pages so as to avoid
   deadlocks that may arise when too much of a system's memory cannot be
   reclaimed to satisfy new memory allocations. This limit was applied
   only to userland wiring requests, but kernel wirings were counted
   against the limit, so a large source of kernel wirings could cause
   mlock(2) failures. This occurs frequently with a large ZFS ARC, for
   example. In FreeBSD-CURRENT this limit has been changed such that only
   userland wirings are counted against the limit; the kernel contains a
   number of mechanisms to apply back-pressure to kernel memory usage, so
   the use of a global limit on all wirings did not provide much benefit.
   This fixes a common problem on large ZFS systems, and helps enable some
   other architectural improvements to the code which manages page
   wirings.

   FreeBSD has historically maintained two separate reference counters in
   the structure which describes a single physical page of memory. These
   counters initially had quite different properties, but have over time
   become more and more similar. Some work to merge the two counters has
   landed in FreeBSD-CURRENT. This does not have any user-visible effects,
   but it simplifies the page management code and removes a large amount
   of code which existed solely to transform references of one type to the
   other. Such code also made use of heavily contended locks, so the
   simplification improved kernel scalability for some workloads and has
   enabled further scalability improvements.

   UMA is the slab allocator used in FreeBSD's kernel. It is the backend
   which services virtually all dynamic memory allocations performed in
   the kernel. The first round of NUMA improvements added NUMA awareness
   to the "keg" layer of UMA, which allocates and manages slabs. However,
   the frontend of UMA, which provides several layers of caching for
   objects, did not provide domain-aware caching, so over time the caches
   would become "polluted" with objects from different memory domains.
   However, this caching layer is being modified to ensure that objects
   from different memory domains are partitioned, helping ensure that
   consumers can perform domain-local allocations and frees efficiently.
   This will enable a global "first-touch" allocation policy for
   UMA-managed objects.

   During boot, the FreeBSD kernel allocates a number of static data
   structures to track physical memory. These structures have historically
   lived in the lowest available range of physical memory, so they many
   not inhabit the same NUMA domain as the memory that they track. This is
   suboptimal when one tries to affinitize a workload to a particular NUMA
   domain: if while executing the workload the kernel frequently accesses
   page structures for local memory, and the page structures themselves
   are not placed in local memory, the kernel will perform many remote
   memory accesses. Some in-progress work for the amd64 platform creates
   multiple arrays of page tracking structures, one per NUMA domain, and
   ensures that each array is local to its domain. This complicates the
   task of initializing kernel data structures during boot, but can
   substantially reduce the amount of cross-domain communication that
   occurs while the kernel is performing useful work. Similarly, some
   patches to affinitize per-CPU structures are being developed; while
   most per-CPU memory allocations already return CPU-local memory, some
   structures allocated during boot are not yet properly placed with
   respect to the accessing CPU's memory domain.

   This project was sponsored by Netflix.
     __________________________________________________________________

Architectures

   Updating platform-specific features and bringing in support for new
   hardware platforms.

Broadcom ARM64 SoC support

   Contact: Michal Stanek <mst@semihalf.com>
   Contact: Kornel Duleba <mindal@semihalf.com>
   Contact: Marcin Wojtas <mw@semihalf.com>

   The Semihalf team continued working on FreeBSD support for the Broadcom
   BCM5871X SoC series

   BCM5871X are quad-core 64-bit ARMv8 Cortex-A57 communication processors
   targeted for networking applications such as 10G routers, gateways,
   control plane processing and NAS.

   Completed since the last update:
     * iProc PCIe root complex (internal and external buses): fixes and
       improvements, including adding a BCM58712 quirk to GICv2m driver
     * BNXT Ethernet support: sys/dev/bnxt.c driver has been extended to
       support the BCM58700 variant, and the iflib was made to work
       without IO cache coherency

   In progress:
     * Crypto engine acceleration for IPsec offloading.

   Todo:
     * Upstreaming of work. This work is expected to be submitted/merged
       to HEAD in the second half of 2019.

   This project was sponsored by Juniper Networks, Inc.
     __________________________________________________________________

NXP ARM64 SoC support

   Contact: Marcin Wojtas <mw@semihalf.com>
   Contact: Artur Rojek <ar@semihalf.com>

   The Semihalf team initiated working on FreeBSD support for the NXP
   LS1046A SoC

   LS1046A are quad-core 64-bit ARMv8 Cortex-A72 processors with
   integrated packet processing acceleration and high speed peripherals
   including 10 Gb Ethernet, PCIe 3.0, SATA 3.0 and USB 3.0 for a wide
   range of networking, storage, security and industrial applications.

   Already completed:
     * Platform base support (ramp-up multi-user SMP operation with UART)
     * SATA 3.0

   In progress:
     * USB3.0
     * SD/MMC
     * I2C

   Todo:
     * Ethernet support
     * GPIO
     * QSPI
     * Upstreaming of developed features. This work is expected to be
       submitted/merged to HEAD in the Q4 of 2019.

   This project was sponsored by Alstom Group.
     __________________________________________________________________

Third-Party Projects

   Many projects build upon FreeBSD or incorporate components of FreeBSD
   into their project. As these projects may be of interest to the broader
   FreeBSD community, we sometimes include brief updates submitted by
   these projects in our quarterly report. The FreeBSD project makes no
   representation as to the accuracy or veracity of any claims in these
   submissions.

Aberdeen Hackathon

   At BSDCam in Cambridge last year we had a discussion to create a
   template Hackathon in the same way we have a template for Devsummits.
   To test out the idea I was convinced (I swear tricked is the correct
   word) to host a Hackathon in Aberdeen.

   As a project I think we benefit a lot from hackathons, but they do take
   a little organisation. The worst part of this is dealing with getting
   money from attendees so you can pay for events. I spoke with Deb
   Goodkin from the foundation at BSDCam and we arranged to use their new
   EventBrite based system to handle ticketing.

   Overall this system made it straight forward for attendees to register
   and get me their details and requirements. After the event the expenses
   were then recouped from the foundation. This was much easier than me
   putting together a custom system or even setting up and using
   EventBrite myself.

   The hackathon went well, you can read in Benedict and Kristof's reports
   that follow, but it was less well attended than I originally expected.

   For hackers planning future hackathons remember to take heed of common
   national holidays (we could have planned the event to not land at
   Easter) and expect major geopolitical events to make things
   unpredictable (we knew Brexit would do something, but not when).

   I need to thank the University of Aberdeen for providing the location
   for the Hackathon and to encourage you to run a hackathon where you
   are. The next one should be in your home town.

   Benedict Reuschling

   The hackathon in Aberdeen was happening in the week of Easter at the
   University of Aberdeen. Although only Kristof Provost (kp@) and myself
   joined our host Tom Jones, I still consider it a productive week for
   us. The overall theme of the hackathon was networking and each of us
   provided something towards that goal (be it PRs, submitting unfinished
   work, or other bits and pieces). We got together the night of Tuesday,
   April 16 over dinner and talked about what our plans were for the week.

   Kristof and I had talked at AsiaBSDcon when I took his tutorial about
   Testing in FreeBSD that we should add a chapter about it in the
   developers handbook. We also used our first meeting to synchronize each
   other about the latest news in FreeBSD from our developers viewpoint.

   The next day, we met up at the Frazer Noble building where the
   hackathon was taking place. It was one of the newer buildings on
   campus, nicely integrated into the older houses of the city. Since we
   were only a handful, we sat in Tom's office for the hackathon, which
   had plenty of room. He also showed us the room where we are supposed to
   be having the hackathon if we were more people and Tom gave us a little
   tour. Working in a university myself, I'm always interested in how
   other education organizations are structured and the rooms and
   equipment they provide for learning. Overall, my impression was that
   there is a good amount of space and equipment available, which we could
   have used in the hackathon.

   After returning, we decided to use a special tag in the commits we
   would be doing to identify them as coming from this hackathon. We chose
   "Event:" for it as it is a general enough term to be used at other
   events like conferences, too. The "Sponsored by:" line we used in the
   past is more for companies or individuals sponsoring certain features,
   so I created a review to add this line to the committers guide.

   Kristof had a couple of changes to the pf chapter in the FreeBSD
   handbook for me, so I started going through those. I created a review
   for him and the commit was made there and then, making use of the short
   feedback cycle. Originally, we thought about bringing in people via
   hangouts, but then resolved to contact people via our usual IRC channel
   if we needed their input.

   Kristof and Tom worked on some network specific stuff, whereas I
   started work on creating an initial draft for the testing chapter. We
   would occasionally start talking about something and then return to our
   work in silence. If we needed to coordinate or had questions, we simply
   asked and could continue once we got our answer. This provided a nice
   atmosphere to work in. I tackled some doc PRs while Kristof found a bug
   in pf and fixed it.

   The afternoons were spent at different locations within walking
   distance. Tom made sure we got a good impression on how it is to be a
   student and that there is both taste and variety of food available. In
   the evenings, Tom drove us into town to have dinner at various
   restaurants over the week.

   Aberdeen has a lot to offer as a city. Starting from the second day,
   Kristof and I would meet up at my hotel, which was close to the
   Aberdeen beach and walk along it to the University. According to Tom,
   it is possible to see Dolphins when the weather is right and the gulf
   stream provides the city with enough warmth that the winters aren't as
   bad as you'd think this far up north.

   Tom also gave us a tour of the zoological department of the university,
   which offered a beautiful garden with various plants and trees, as well
   as a museum with zoological specimen. This offered a great spot for
   photographs and to unwind a bit from the technical discussions we've
   had. Tom also had t-shirts made for the event, which are already rare
   collectors items.

   I had to return on Sunday, so Tom took us on a tour of the Scottish
   highlands in his car the day before. We stopped at a couple of places
   to take pictures and Tom would explain at lot to us having lived there
   all his life. We came to Stonehaven and had fish and chips there from a
   take-out restaurant that had a lot of awards for sustainable fishing.
   This was certainly a highlight for the week and even then, we couldn't
   stop talking about FreeBSD and networking.

   Although more people would maybe have produced more output, the three
   of us were certainly productive as a small group. It also made planning
   and coordination easier and more flexible. Tom Jones had done a lot of
   preparation and was an excellent guide. I would encourage him to host
   another such hackathon in the future and hope that next time, more
   people will take a trip to Aberdeen to spend some time hacking on
   FreeBSD

   Kristof Provost

   While I'd been to Scotland before I'd never seen Aberdeen. It's a
   charming city, and I enthusiastically recommend visiting.

   I arrived a little while after Benedict, but made it to my hotel
   easily, and turned up in time to join Benedict and Tom for dinner.

   Despite being small (or perhaps because of it), the hackathon was
   remarkably productive. Benedict and I went through the pf documentation
   in the handbook, so that Benedict could rework and improve it.
   (Benedict's doing the work, but I'm going to take credit anyway.)

   Tom and I looked at the GSoC proposals and tried to find potential
   mentors for two promising proposals. Both of us are candidate mentors
   as well. We should know soon if our students are awarded slots.

   Tom also proposed a patch to eliminate RFC 2675 IPv6 Jumbograms. It has
   my enthusiastic support.

   I managed to look at a couple of open pf issues:
     * pfctl's interface_group() function checks if a name is an interface
       or an interface group. It still thought that interface names always
       ended with a number, but this assumption has been wrong for several
       years now. That's fixed in r346370.
     * The DIOCRSETTFLAGS ioctl() misused copyin() (It held a lock calling
       it), which could result in panics.
     * That previous issue was actually discovered by my local instance of
       syzcaller, which I'd set up to add pf support to it. That support
       has now been merged, so we may see more issues detected by
       syzcaller soon.
     * Also for the DIOCRSETTFLAGS problem I extended the pf tests to
       check for this issue.
     * The pf tests will now fail if the pft_set_rules call fails to set
       the rules. That didn't actually cause issues yet, but it'll make
       debugging tests slightly easier, and they may catch more problems
       now.

   On Saturday Tom took us out to discover some of the pretty bits of
   Scotland. It turns out there are a lot of them. I can't really do it
   justice, but Tom has a promising career at the Scottish tourism board
   when this computers fad blows over.

   On my way home I passed through Oslo, and took the opportunity to meet
   with (have lunch with) two of the EuroBSDCon local organisers.
   EuroBSDCon is filling up fast, make sure to register now to secure your
   place!
     __________________________________________________________________

Bring more Security Intelligence to FreeBSD

   Links
   Maltrail - distributed Malware detection
    URL: https://github.com/stamparm/maltrail
   Wazuh - thread detection and incident response
    URL: https://wazuh.com/

   Contact: Michael Muenz <m.muenz@gmail.com>

   To bring more Security Intelligence we maintain the FreeBSD port of
   zmaltail. This open source project based on Python can act as a sensor
   and/or as a central server. It listens in defined ports or protocols
   and compares IP addresses and domains against static and dynamic feeds,
   contributed by the community.

   As you can install this piece of software on multiple firewalls and let
   them send to a central server, you are able to detect attacks and
   compromises very fast. Within Q2 we updated the port to the latest
   version and are constantly in contact with the core developer (also
   co-author of SQLmap) to bring out new features.

   The second project we are currently trying to add as a port is Wazuh.
   Wazuh is a fork of Ossec which is already in the ports tree. Compared
   to Ossec, Wazuh has some intelligent addition like full ELK-Stack
   integration with own apps and dashboards.

   With Wazuh installed on your webserver, or even on your windows desktop
   you can monitor file integrity or log files for most kind of attacks.
   Active response features let you e.g. send API calls to your firewalls
   to dynamically block this offender.

   As Wazuh offers a complete ELK-Stack you can use it also as a central
   logging solution for better security insights into your network.

   This project was sponsored by m.a.x. Informationstechnologie AG.
     __________________________________________________________________

libvdsk - QCOW2 implementation

   Links
   Github - libvdsk repo
    URL: https://github.com/xcllnt/libvdsk

   Contact: Sergiu Weisz <sergiu121@gmail.com>
   Contact: Marcel Molenaar <marcel@freebsd.org>
   Contact: Marcelo Araujo <araujo@freebsd.org>
   Contact: Mihai Carabas <mihai@freebsd.org>

   Add support for using QCOW in bhyve using the libvdsk library. Libvdsk
   was used to substitute the regular disk operations from bhyve with a
   call to libvdsk which will in turn call the disk-specific handler for
   the operation.

   To use this feature one has to install the libvdsk-enabled bhyve
   version along with libvdsk from the libvdsk repo linked above.

   New features added:
     * Extend libvdsk to make it easier to implement new formats
     * Improve read/write performance and stability
     * Add support for Copy-On-Write

   Future tasks:
     * Integrate libvdsk in bhyve

   Matthew Grooms
     __________________________________________________________________

nsysctl 1.0

   Links
   gitlab.com/alfix/nsysctl
    URL: https://gitlab.com/alfix/nsysctl
   sysutils/nsysctl port
    URL: https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/nsysctl/
   Tutorial
    URL: https://alfix.gitlab.io/bsd/2019/02/19/nsysctl-tutorial.html

   Contact: Alfonso Sabato Siciliano <alfonso.siciliano@email.com>

   The nsysctl utility is a /sbin/sysctl clone, to get or set the kernel
   state, supporting libxo and extra options.

   nsysctl [--libxo=opts [-r tagname]]
   [-DdFGgIilmNpqTt[V|v[h[b|o|x]]]Wy]
   [-e sep] [-B <bufsize>] [-f filename]
   name[=value[,value]] ...
   nsysctl [--libxo=opts [-r tagname]]
   [-DdFGgIlmNpqTt[V|v[h[b|o|x]]]Wy]
   [-e sep] [-B <bufsize>] -A|a|X

   You could use nsysctl to explore the sysctl MIB showing the value and
   the info of an object. The output is explicitly indicated by the
   options and is printed via libxo in human and machine readable formats,
   moreover some value is parsed to display it in a structured mode (e.g.,
   vm.phys_free). The support for efi_map_header was added but it is
   untested, someone could help by trying it via machdep.efi_map.

   Please refer to the tutorial for a more thorough description.
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